This IRG re-engineers scintillators as nanostructured metamaterials through advances in multiscale modeling, inverse design, and nanofabrication. The resulting scintillator metamaterials are expected to deliver a factor of 10-to-100 enhancement of spatial resolution, a factor of 10 reduction in emission time, and at least 3 bins of energy resolution, enabling improved patient diagnoses with lower radiation doses. Additional impacts include improved detector technology for industrial quality control, environmental assessments, nuclear safety inspection, and security screening.