The ability of an organic molecular solid to crystallize into different structures is  a phenomenon known as polymorphism.  Polymorphism is an issue of major concern in the pharmaceutical industry.  In many drug compounds, some fraction of the crystal structures that can be formed cause the drug to lose its therapeutic function.  If these structures are not known at the time of the drug’s release onto the market,

Transition-metal oxides (TMO), such as molybdenum tri-oxide (MoO3), are promising hole-injection electrode materials for organic electronics because of their large work function and high conductivity. They are superior to the widely used organic polymer PEDOT:PSS which causes device degradation. However, deposition of MoO3 layers from high-temperature sources is problematical for flexible organic-based electronics.

Device characteristics under dark and illumination

Topological surface states are a new class of novel electronic states that are potentially useful for quantum computing or spintronicapplications. Unlike conventional two-dimensional electron states, these surface states are expected to be immune to localization and to overcome barriers caused by material imperfection. Previous experiments have demonstrated that topological surface states do not backscatter between equal and opposite momentum states, due to their chiralspin texture.

Novel electronic applications often result from fresh theoretical insights into long-familiar materials. Recently, strong interest has focused on the “topological insulators”, notably Bi2Se3and Bi2Te3. In these solids, the electrons on the surface display highly unusual properties. For example, they travel like massless particles (photons and neutrinos), and are much less susceptible to scattering by lattice imperfections. To date, much of the information on topological insulators has come from photoemission experiments and scanning tunneling microscopy.