IRG 2, Controlling Electrons, Phonons, and Spins in Superatomic Materials, assembles new classes of functional materials using precisely defined superatom building blocks coupled together with new forms of inter-superatom bonding. This approach will combine encoding of desirable physical properties within the building blocks with exquisite control of inter-superatom interaction, to create materials with tunable properties and multiple functionalities. This IRG will develop and expand the superatom concept into a large "periodic table" to enable designer materials with unprecedented levels of complexity and functionality. It will initially focus on three materials areas: (1) Materials with independent control over magnetism and conductivity. (2) Materials with independent control over thermal and electrical transport properties. (3) Superatom assemblies that can have electronic phase transitions that may be induced by optical, mechanical, thermal, and other stimuli.