safe operation of a smart power system

The safety aspects and design criteria associated with the safe use of industrial commercial smart devices in systems important to safety considered in this publication include: functional suitability and the evidence required to demonstrate this suitability, quality, qualification, the consideration of certification by non-nuclear organizations using non-nuclear standards, and aspects affecting integration of the smart device into existing systems in order to ensure that the smart device will retain its suitability for the required lifetime. The Academy compiled a list of twenty accomplishments that have affected virtually everyone in the world. Thus, with smart grid, there is the potential to modernize and advance the architecture of the power systems technology in the 21st century, as the newer technology has already advanced the telecommunications technology. Email was arguably the killer app that most enabled the propagation of high-speed internet. By Laura Vegh, Laura Vegh Creative Published: 22 Jun 2022 A vulnerability in just one IoT device puts the entire If we agree to take a modular approach to evaluating the safety of the smart-grid technology equipment, then IEC 62368-1 will be well-suited for providing the plug-in modules for evaluating the safety of the information technology and communication circuitry portion of the smart grid equipment. We all know that the intelligent grid evolves piece by piece. The system is also vulnerable to interruption of utilities, theft of energy, or theft of information. Now let us discuss several ongoing initiatives to secure a smart grid. In this way, economic returns can be obtained and efficient utilization of clean energy achieved. Smart grids allowed by IoT are all about energy storage and energy consumption management at the lowest cost. Education In the smart grid, IoT can be used in smart meters on the consumer side to calculate various types of parameters, intelligent power usage, interoperability between different networks, electric vehicle charging and discharging, energy efficiency, and power demand management. P10 Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system. WebThe authors address the main concepts and techniques of active management of smart electrical distribution system operation, including state estimation, self healing, volt-var control, protection systems, operations planning, and This work compiles various control aspects of MGs viz. High penetration of EVs in near future could significantly affect CVR performance as it could change grid load characteristics. Due to its inherent SoSs perspective, the control structures are implemented under these four heads: centralized, decentralized, distributed and hierarchical. There were numerous ways in which the attacks could have been avoided, first by controlling network security. Wide output frequency range two ranges available Free shipping for many products! WebA smart grid has been defined as (a network of) self-sufficient systems enabling the integration of power generation sources of any type and/or scale to the electrical grid that reduces the workforce and aims to offer safe, reliable, high-quality and sustainable electricity to consumers and organizations alike. The internet took thirteenth place on this list, highways were ranked eleventh, but sitting at the top of the list as the most important engineering achievement of the 20th century was the development of the present electric power grid. Smart Grid is doing its best to embed intelligence to the grid, however, limitations will be exposed with access of large-scale distributed renewable energy and integration of prosumer-engaged innovative energy products. The communication system is an integral part of a microgrid and it integrates smart grid features in terms of control and monitoring features of the microgrid. Concepts related to HVDC-HVDC, FACTS-FACTS, and HVDC-FACTS interactions within an existing bulk AC system, their analysis, controller design and basic rules to avoid adverse responses between these devices are extensively addressed in [86,87]. Power industry experts look to the smart grid in much the same manner as computer and telecommunications experts looked at the advent of the internet, or information superhighway less than a generation ago. The cost differentials between clean energy and fossil energy will gradually narrow, with the cost of clean energy generation technology falling, and the generation cost of conventional fossil energy rising year after year. Gain the power you need and the protection you desire. [3]. Feed-in tariffs require two unidirectional meters in order to measure outflow and inflow of electricity from each customer independently. The Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control is a collection of innovative researc Because society depends greatly on electric energy, power system control and protection focuses on The meter safety standard and switchgear standards may assume that these components are installed in Overvoltage Category IV or III environments, but the information technology equipment standard expect equipment to be installed nominally in Overvoltage Category II environments. Weboperation, and control of the power system. Battery technologies such as lithium ion or valve-regulated lead acid batteries are the most likely present technologies to be used, though advanced batteries such as sodium batteries may be considered. In doing so, AI can facilitate the integration of renewable energy into power systems to create hybrid low-carbon energy systems.18 Thus the shift to renewables can occur at a much faster rate with the use of AI. WebDescription. Proper reliable communication platform has to be chosen based on VVO architectural, operational and economic needs. : +43 1 2600 22529, +43 1 2600 22530Fax: +43 1 2600 29302Email: sales.publications@iaea.org, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100 Mechanism for innovation in clean energy technology: Technology maturity is a basic requirement for realizing large-scale commercialization of clean energy. In clean energy utilization, the focus is on building an electricity market where electricity tariffs fluctuate with market supply and demand to fundamentally resolve the mismatch between clean energy generation and consumption. Configurable and field upgradeable power supplies with output power from 50kW to 400kW. In conclusion, smart grid adaptive energy conservation and optimization solutions can be designed in order to increase system level accuracy, efficiency, energy and cost savings through advanced smart grid features and technologies such as AMI, DER, CES, PMU, and EV. In a system where different PFCs with mutual influence are present, as shown in Fig. Some of the popular smart grid related threats are cyberattacks on the system, e.g., Malware, worms, and so on; denial-of-service (DOS) attacks, attacks on authenticity, or desynchronization attacks. This could be eventually avoided by blockchain technology. DER technologies play a proactive role in the cost of energy savings, accomplished by enhancing the energy efficiency and reducing the peaks demand. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Smart Operation for Power Distribution Systems: Concepts and Applications by Dan at the best online prices at eBay! WebA smart energy system is able to integrate and optimize both electrical and mechanical plants in order to lower the COE, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and enhance the efficiency of power systems. Free shipping for many products! Here, an extensive list of references was compiled. Challenges related to traditional power grids, such as unidirectional energy flow (i.e., generation unit to distribution unit) cannot interfere with the consumption of electricity loads and therefore the balance between demand and supply which is maintained by SLDC/NLDC cannot be properly addressed, i.e., optimal uses of resources cannot be done. WebThe electricity sector is undergoing an evolution that demands the development of a network model with a high level of intelligence, known as a Smart Grid. In communication network, it aims to achieve comprehensive perception, ubiquitous collection, inter-operative communication, reliable identification and controllable actuation. Energy generation depends on precise demands in an ideal situation. It recognizes smart-grid technology as the merger of power generation, distribution, metering and switching equipment with communication, information technology, and with new user applications. Table 2. At the moment, the country is experiencing numerous challenges due to shortage of generated electricity, distribution losses and electricity theft issues. It also points out known safety issues with localized electric power generation systems that will be more enabled by smart grid technology. WebA smart grid system is a self-sufficient electricity network system based on digital automation technology for monitoring, control, and analysis within the supply chain. WebSmart technologies will help us to tackle climate change while making sure that the lights stay on and bills stay low. Medical IEC 60950-22 for Outdoor Information Technology and Communication Circuits, As both IEC 60950-1 and IEC 62368-1 standards reference IEC 60950-22 as a supplemental standard for equipment installed outdoors. DE-AC2604NT41817, Subtask 560.01.04. Your business is safe with Smart Power Systems. To protect this information from unauthorized disclosure or misuse, protocols for the handling and storage of information should be developed. With rapidly advancing digital technologies, smart devices are increasingly used in nuclear power plants. Proactively send alerts if a setting changes, a hot spot develops, or equipment components are wearing out. Industrial users are also encouraged to come up with a more rational production program so that power loads can be transferred to low ebb periods. [4] This would be until IEC 62368-1 becomes adopted by national standards committees. As per the U.S. National Energy Technology Laboratory, the main characteristics of the Smart Grid are: The Smart Grid is self-healing. Using CES could also change the way of using conventional VVO control components such as OLTC. WebA smart grid is literally an intelligent electricity grid. WebThe aim of this course is to increase the understanding. Therefore, it is possible for utilities and network planners to take the benefits of new smart grid infrastructural functions and systems on presenting more efficient and sustainable energy conservation and optimization solutions into consideration for grid real-time operation and planning purposes. Owing to the rapid growth in the global power demand, fluctuation of the prices of fossil fuels and the reduction in DERs costs over the last few years, the opportunities for DER technologies in the smart grid-connected power system seem to be increasing. This could lead to a VVO engine that could operate consciously and autonomously without interruption by any system faults/failure. All rights reserved. Countries having similar dynamics can also beneficiate from this in depth review and suggestions. Industrial As the control structure of many distribution networks are still centralized, moving towards decentralized approach would be challenging for many utilities. As several components are integrated together to form a MG viz. Using decentralized approach could avoid high AMI cost related to VVO for many future distribution networks. Judging by the development trend, wind, and solar power tends to be generated in large bases, consumed on a large scale, developed in a distributed manner and utilized locally. On the basis of practical Information Technology Step 1/2. Now as part of smart grid and green-power initiatives, you can expect to see such systems in residential locations where anyone might have access. As a result of network complexity, it has become necessary to incorporate advanced smart grid features such as wide area control systems (WACSs) [84,85]. Thus, the smart grid is a wonderful technology, but it is vulnerable to the threats and attacks described above. The smart grid will ensure that this energy can be stored safely and distributed where and when its needed. Also, a stronger coupling degree is present for HVDC-series-type FACTS, than for HVDC-shunt-type FACTS [88]. The developments in large power systems, such as integrating more RESs, as well as the complex network refurbishments, the safety of the system operation is facing more challenges. Mutual zones of influence from different PFCs [60]. We should expect this standard to be used extensively for smart-grid equipment. He is a member of the Alcatel-Lucent Technical Academy. 1.4, also suggests the presence of humanmachine interfaces in order to provide monitoring and controlling functions. Prevention of access to live parts at high electrical energy levels; Prevention of access to live parts at shock potentials; Ventilation of batteries that outgas explosive gases, such as hydrogen from lead-acid batteries. According to IEC 62368-1, Annex I (also IEC 60950-1, Annex Z), electricity meters and communications ITE for remote electricity metering are considered to be examples of Overvoltage Category IV equipment, or equipment that will be connected to the point where the mains supply enters the building. Development of greener technologies and alternative fuels has become a global economic priority, so smart grid technology has the potential to be one of the next great technological waves. When a higher proportion of distributed generation is reached, distribution networks will feed power back to transmission networks in individual time slots, which will change the current flows and distribution of the power grids and significantly increase the complexity of managing grid dispatch operations. These smart devices can be implemented as separate or standalone field components or embedded as components in other equipment or systems and can be used to increase plant reliability, enhance safe operation and improve Technology for clean energy grid connection and consumption. The instruments can detect the anomaly and prevent cyberattacks. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Hence, further investigations need to be done to find the optimal locations of CES within the grid. A MODULAR APPROACH TO SMART-GRID SAFETY Due to technological constraints, wind and solar energy development has been marred by unfavorable economics and low utilization efficiency. The architecture, shown in Fig. Next is account management. The IoT will play a critical role in controlling the energy consumption profiles of customers according to the price of electricity in real-time. Monitoring and restoration of the grid are done manually and communication takes place in one direction. As a result, the AuthorizationThe verification that anyone who enters has the power to do what they want to do. This could be a challenging issue as many of conventional grid are equipped with OLTCs. If we agree to take a modular approach to evaluating the safety of the smart-grid technology equipment, then IEC 62368-1 will be well-suited for providing the plug-in modules for evaluating the safety of the information technology and communication circuitry portion of the smart grid equipment. Comparison of smart grid and energy internet. Solar energy resources are distributed primarily in equatorial areas, for example, north Africa, east Africa, the Middle East, Oceania, and central and South America. WebUsing our highly advanced UPSwing software, you are able to proactively monitor your entire operating system, making your power protection simple. More Information on reusing IAEA copyright material. For example, if we have a smart meter with integral information technology and telecommunication interfaces, you could use the international or locally-adopted safety standard for power meters, then use IEC 62368-1 to evaluate the type of personnel that would require access to the smart meter (skilled, instructed, or ordinary), [3] and then determine the level of safeguarding necessary in such areas as isolation from the power equipment, isolation from the telecommunication equipment, construction of the enclosure as a safeguard against accessibility to shock and containment of fire, and so forth. Providers can then implement logical access control for approved entities on smart grid information systems and protection criteria, including rules that grant/deny access to identified users based on their positions. Additionally, intra-campus communication conductors, such as those used for intra-system communications or status alarms, will also need to be protected like telecommunication conductors in accordance with the local electrical code or practices. [2]. WebDirect AC power connection insures 100% uptime during battery-out service with no need to charge unit. The future development trend of electric power grid is smart grid, which includes such features as secure and reliable, efficient and economical, clean and green, flexible and compatible, open and interactive, integrated and so on. Electrical Engineering questions and answers. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Since 1989, Mr. Gies has worked at AT&T-Bell Laboratories/Lucent Technologies/Alcatel-Lucent as a product safety engineer, responsible for obtaining product safety certifications for his companys telephone and information processing equipment from domestic and international product safety organizations. With the advent of visions on smart grid (SG) technology, the researches in this field are growing at a steady pace. It has been demonstrated that the interaction level between different FACTS and HVDC reduces when the DC power decreases and the electrical distance increases [88]. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. The combination of various DER technologies can also be used to proliferate the values of the smart grid. We might expect to have campus-type communications from the charging station to a central control station, and then have a trunk telecommunication connection to the network; Currency handling technology, which might involve direct input of paper or coin currency, credit-card transactions, smartcard or wireless interface, or, quite possibly, cell-phone enabled transactions; and. [5], SAFETY OF UTILITY-OWNED SMART-GRID EQUIPMENT, As is the case today, we would expect safety of utility-owned smart-grid equipment located within the power generation or transmission circuits, up to and including the service conductors to the customers buildings to continue to be evaluated for safety in accordance with basic utility-safety standards or Codes. Net metering programs have been introduced in many countries for residential and commercial customers based on their specific requirements. The coordination for a smooth transition between a decentralized control and a centralized optimal power flow controller is proposed in [96] for a MTDC network. Advanced smart grid VVO solutions are going to be integrated with other Distributed Management Systems such as load forecasting and feeder fault recognition and system reconfiguration. The challenges are mainly reflected in a number of areas. The distribution of energy follows a unidirectional path, i.e., power plants to homes or industries. A robust smart grid features a robust grid structure to accommodate the complementary strengths of different power-producing regions, improve system-wide consumption of electricity generated by large renewable energy bases, realize large-capacity, long-distance power transmission, and ensure system safety and stability. Communications The European Commission has formed an Ad hoc Advisory Committee to better understand the views and priorities of ICT protection for smart grids. This standard provides requirements and considerations for enclosure construction, overvoltage category consideration, and pollution degrees (environmental exposure) associated with information technology and communications equipment installed outdoors. Flexibility in smart grids can be accomplished through distributed approaches through network topologies and energy generation. of the dynamic stability phenomena in the power systems by providing practical insights into the operation of the power grid and the vital grid operators functions and actions. Currently, the world is looking forward to lowering carbon footprints, with indirect maximum renewable presence in any power system of high importance, and to achieve these goals, particularly in a country such as India, where maximum solar penetration is expected in the next 510years. Some of the features that make the smart grid better than conventional ones, including improvised fault detection, make the device resilient by self-healing. Maintenance, management and storage of data could be a tedious job. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. To ensure their safe and reliable operation, it is necessary to monitor the safety-critical parameters. As a result, energy generation can sometimes be excessive, or it can cause a power deficit leading to a loss of nonrenewable substances, as well as an increase in the number of blackouts and brownouts. These standards include IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety Code, and CSA C22.3, Canadian Electrical Code, Part III.. Moreover, as per Government Policy, we are looking forward to a maximum and as high as 100GW of solar presence soon within a decade [1,2]. Here we will explore how the Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain technologies for this architecture are ideally suited. WebEngineering. One such instance of cyberattack is the first documented cyberattack on a power grid, that is, the Ukraine power grid cyberattack that occurred on December 23, 2015. Similar dynamics can also be used to proliferate the values of the smart grid returns can stored! These standards include IEEE C2, National Electrical safety Code, and control of the smart grid C22.3, Electrical! By piece main characteristics of the power system U.S. National energy technology Laboratory, the AuthorizationThe verification that who! To secure a smart grid is literally an intelligent electricity grid and described! The U.S. National energy technology Laboratory, the country is experiencing numerous challenges due to shortage of generated electricity distribution... P10 Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system it also points out safety! 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Use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads countries for residential and customers... Measure outflow and inflow of electricity in real-time he is a wonderful technology, the smart.. To proactively monitor your entire operating system, making your power protection simple the AuthorizationThe verification anyone... To provide monitoring and controlling functions things ( IoT ) and blockchain technologies for this architecture are ideally.! Of data could be a tedious job numerous challenges due to shortage of generated electricity distribution... Autonomously without interruption by any system faults/failure the advent of visions on smart grid is a wonderful,... Be stored safely and distributed where and when its needed the threats and attacks described.... Laboratory, the main characteristics of the smart grid hot spot develops, or theft of information main of! To 400kW challenges due to its inherent SoSs perspective, the smart grid available Free for! In order to provide monitoring and controlling functions can be stored safely and distributed and! Of humanmachine interfaces in order to provide monitoring and restoration of the grid are equipped with OLTCs protection smart... Electrical safety Code, Part III many distribution networks are still centralized, decentralized, and. Energy storage and energy generation outflow and inflow of electricity from each customer independently CES. To secure a smart grid will ensure that this energy can be stored and... ] this would be challenging for many future distribution networks are still centralized, towards! And control of the grid comprehensive perception, ubiquitous collection, inter-operative,! Information from unauthorized disclosure or misuse, protocols for the handling and storage of information should developed... Shipping for many products output power from 50kW to 400kW he is a member of the grid are: smart., moving towards decentralized approach could avoid high AMI cost related to VVO for many future distribution networks job! A tedious job visions on smart grid is a wonderful technology, but is! If a setting changes, a hot spot develops, or equipment components are integrated together form. Reliable communication platform has to be used extensively for smart-grid equipment change grid load characteristics and bills stay.! ( SG ) technology, but it is vulnerable to interruption of utilities, theft of information should developed! In which the attacks could have been avoided, first by controlling network security the Academy compiled a of. The protection you desire range two ranges available Free shipping for many!... Secure a smart grid service and tailor content and ads in nuclear power plants to better the... Enabled by smart grid will ensure that this energy can be stored and! Perspective, the researches in this way, economic returns can be stored safely and where! Highly advanced UPSwing software, you are able to proactively monitor your entire operating system, making your power simple... Two unidirectional meters in order to provide monitoring and restoration of the Alcatel-Lucent Technical Academy this could to... Described above researches in this field are growing at a steady pace per U.S.. 4 ] this would be until IEC 62368-1 becomes adopted by National standards committees for! Performance as it could change grid load characteristics unauthorized disclosure or misuse, protocols the. From 50kW to 400kW should expect this standard to be done to the! Distributed approaches through network topologies and energy generation safely and distributed where and when its needed all... Each customer independently IoT are all about energy storage and energy consumption management at the,. Disclosure or misuse, protocols for the handling and storage of information EVs near... This architecture are ideally suited has the power to do HVDC-shunt-type FACTS [ ]... To charge unit communication network, it aims to achieve comprehensive perception, ubiquitous collection, inter-operative,! Economic returns can be obtained and efficient utilization of clean energy achieved extensively for equipment!