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The test can also rule out familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, a rare genetic disorder, as a cause. Hyperparathyroidism is a disease characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, an 84-amino acid polypeptide hormone. Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism include effects on your bones due to absorption of calcium from bone, including brittle or weakened bones, bone pain, or lower back pain. It typically begins in childhood and is associated with other allergic conditions like asthma and hay fever. Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are completely different. If you want to diminish a noticeable scar, know these 10 things before having laser treatment. Lift up Some patients say a commonly prescribed steroid triggered mania and suicidal ideation. Slow-healing wounds The traditional therapeutic options for AD, including emollients topically and immune modulatory agents systemically focusing on reducing skin inflammation and restoring the function of the epidermal barrier, are proven ineffective in many cases. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Well, as I know, hyperthyroidism may cause eczema. If Dr. Larian discovers a patient is dealing with HPT, he can recommend parathyroid gland surgery or other treatment options to address the issue. There are various, Have undergone radiation for cancer treatment, Suffering from rare hereditary disorders like multiple endocrine neoplasias, Suffering from severe vitamin D or calcium deficiency, If you dont like the idea of side effects associated with traditional medicine, you can opt for a, Homeopathy doesnt offer a single remedy but various, Homeopathy has no known side effects and is safe enough to be used on all demographics. (2016, October 24). Natalie tried many acne products without success. The surgeon can see where the dye has been absorbed by using a special camera. Some known causes include benign tumors on the parathyroid glands or enlargement of the glands. The daily recommended amount of calcium for adults ages 19 to 50 and men ages 51 to 70 is 1,000 milligrams (mg) of calcium a day. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Soft and fine hair with lots of shedding Urine test. Electrodes Grown in the Brain -- Paving the Way for Future Therapies for Neurological Disorders, Wireless, Soft E-Skin for Interactive Touch Communication in the Virtual World, Want Healthy Valentine Chocolates? Outlook. Since calcium level changes are used by all cells to perform a function, any organ including the skin can be effected by high calcium levels. 3 Prognosis overall is generally good, as the primary treatment for severe cases (surgical parathyroidectomy) can permanently cure the disorder. If you want to get notified by every reply to your post, please register. On the other hand, hyperparathyroidism is caused by another disease that leads to low levels of calcium in your body and gradually causes an increase in parathyroid hormone levels. Wash your hands before touching your eyes and the skin around them. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. El-Hajj Fuleihan G, et al. Although their names are similar, the parathyroid glands and the thyroid gland are not related. Doctors dont routinely test for PTH but may do so if you have osteoporosis or another disorder that affects bone strength. Dermatologists team up to improve patient care, JAK inhibitors: A newer type of medication, Free materials to help raise skin cancer awareness, Dermatologist-approved lesson plans, activities you can use. The drug may trick the parathyroid glands into releasing less parathyroid hormone. Often patients get wrong or conflicting information from these studies alone, and we are left without a clear answer before surgery as to which parathyroid gland is the culprit. Questions? Saudi J Ophthalmol. A 24-hour collection of urine can provide information on how well your kidneys work and how much calcium is passed in your urine. Pretibial (usually symmetrical) myxedema may be associated with conditions of either hyper- or hypothyroidism (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis); if combined with bilateral exophthalmus and acropachyderma of fingers and toes, it is called Diamond syndrome, or E.M.O. Images 2, 3, 4: Used with permission of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology: J Am Acad Dermatol. My mother got eczema on her arm. These important hormones are called thyroxine ("T4 . Hyperparathyroidism. That calcium recommendation increases to 1,200 mg a day for women age 51 and older and men age 71 and older. CT scans sometimes use a contrast mediuma dye or other substance that makes structures inside your body easier to see. ScienceDaily. Diagnosis occurs . First, a preliminary scan is done for comparison purposes. 2003;48(5):641-59. https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/conditions-behaviors/bone-smoking. And most of all, what are the risks of remaining undiagnosed? However, a vitamin D deficiency can also cause red, dry, and itchy skin. Traditionally, abnormal parathyroid glands were found using two distinct techniques. government site. Although it's a noninvasive procedure, it mainly relies on the size and general appearance of the gland to determine whether or not it's abnormal. I have tried everything. This test uses special X-ray devices to measure how many grams of calcium and other bone minerals are packed into a bone segment. Images FOIA (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. Hypercalcemia can occur due to HPT, kidney failure, vitamin D toxicity, sarcoidosis, bone disease or other causes. How does eucerin calming creme work for you? Leaky gut and SIBO wreak havoc on your gut lining and can even trigger autoimmune diseases that includes dermatitis herpetiformis, vitiligo, psoriasis, dermatomyositis, lupus, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, and even eczema. When you think of eczema, itchy, red, dry, scaly, or thickened skin may come to mind. The site is secure. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020. FOIA Individual results may vary. Nalfurafine, which is a kappa-opioid agonist has also been studied and shown to reduce itch associated with chronic . These can rule out possible conditions causing hyperparathyroidism, identify possible complications and determine the severity of the condition. Ai J, Leonhardt JM, et al. The small incision means you will probably have less pain and a faster recovery than people who have more invasive surgery. What makes herbs beneficial is that you can use them as complementary with other natural and, Refrain from calcium raising drugs such as lithium and diuretics, Dont smoke. Epub 2015 Nov 25. Heres what you need to know. Hypoparathyroidism is a rare, treatable condition that happens when you have low levels of parathyroid hormone in your blood, which causes you to have low levels of calcium (hypocalcemia) and high levels of phosphorous in your blood. In most cases, elevated calcium is found by blood tests ordered for other reasons. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. If you want to try homeopathy as a natural treatment for hyperparathyroidism, consult an experienced and legitimate homeopath. Alopecia areata (autoimmune disease that causes hair loss). Health care professionals test for vitamin D levels because low levels are common in people with primary hyperparathyroidism. Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia. Natural treatment for hyperparathyroidism very often shows a higher success rate than traditional treatment, which is in 99.9% of cases is the surgical removal of the parathyroid. Doughy and swollen face, especially on your eyelids, lips, and tongue Before U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Flushing on your face and red palms Soft, shiny, and easily crumble The information provided on this site is for general informational purposes only, and does not replace the need for a formal consultation. If you and your doctor choose long-term monitoring, you should. Although the condition affects adults primarily, it has been diagnosed as early as age 10 yr. . People with rare inherited conditions that affect the parathyroid glands, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, are more likely to have more than one gland affected. can be of primary, secondary, or tertiary causes. Thinning hair or balding patches Dry skin with deep cracks and scale Kalus AA, Chien AJ, et al. Homeopathy - #1 Natural treatment for hyperparathyroidism. Diffuse myxedema originates in the papillary and periadnexal connective tissue and eventually extends to the dermis as a whole. This is particularly troublesome for older patients, in particular, because women are the most at-risk for developing hyperparathyroidism until they have developed bone loss or kidney stones. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020. The most common test to measure bone mineral density is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Your doctor may use regional or general anesthesia during the surgery. Hyperparathyroidism occurs when there is an excess of parathyroid hormone (PTH) being secreted from the parathyroid glands in the neck. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) 4. HPT has been linked to vitamin D deficiency. 5 Germ-line inactivating mutations of HRPT2, located on chromosome 1, have been . Seeing a doctor. To keep the thyroid absorption from blocking the view of the absorption in a parathyroid tumor (adenoma), you're also given radioactive iodine. During the test, you will lie on a padded table while a technician moves the scanner over your body. After diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism, your health care provider will likely order more tests. Hypercalcemia due to abnormally active parathyroid glands. However, they are too aggressive and can lead to adverse effects. Yellowish-orange color on your palms and soles Do you know which one? Curved with swollen fingertip and thickening skin above the nail. "Avoid a hyperparathyroidism misdiagnosis." If I have hyperparathyroidism, do you recommend surgery? Ultrasound is the first technique, which involves rubbing a probe covered in gel over the neck to search for abnormal glands. This mineral helps build bones and teeth and keep them strong. Epub 2008 Apr 24. Results of the test may help tell primary hyperparathyroidism from hyperparathyroidism caused by a kidney disorder. Fatigue, depression, muscle pain, and other symptoms of a vitamin D deficiency match symptoms of HPT. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Callen JP. Mosby Elsevier, Spain, 2008: 681-2. In the study, researchers examined a 59-year-old woman dealing with primary HPT and refractory chronic urticaria. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ( tHPT) Definition. Ultrasound. The thyroid is an extremely essential gland located in the front of your neck, right under your Adam's apple. Qunibi WY. A new technique known as 4D CT scanning can show both parathyroid gland structure and parathyroid gland function in a single test. Solar flares Are Predictable for the Next Few Years - Can They Affect Your Health? Some common side effects of hormone replacement therapy include breast pain and tenderness, dizziness, and headaches. Image 1: Getty Images In addition to kidney stones and osteoporosis, older patients may physical symptoms including depression, mood changes, fatigue, muscle, and bone aches and pains, or even cardiac dysrhythmias. 1980 Feb;13(1):137-45. A newer medication to treat hypoparathyroidism is PTH 1-84, which mimics the body's natural . eCollection 2021 Sep. Cureus. Skin wounds heal with delay. NOTES NOTES HYPERPARATHYROIDISM & HYPOPARATHYROIDISM GENERALLY, WHAT ARE THEY? Other conditions can cause high calcium, but elevated PTH is the only source in primary hyperparathyroidism. In the United States, about 100,000 people develop primary hyperparathyroidism each year.1 Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common hormonal disorders. If your health care provider recommends surgery, one of these imaging tests may be used to locate the parathyroid gland or glands that are causing problems: Sestamibi parathyroid scan. 2017;76(5):871-8. Abstract. You might be surprised by the results. Eczema: Tips on how to manage atopic dermatitis in spring and . How do doctors treat primary hyperparathyroidism? What do you think about Philadelphia Holistic Clinic ? Accessed Jan. 16, 2020. itchy red bumps on upper legs and thighs, and lower stomach, itchy patches on legs, pussing patches. However, its important to note that itll take multiple sessions before you see results. Bone pain and osteoporosis. The secretion of parathyroid hormone is regulated directly by the plasma concentration of ionized calcium. Generally, surgery and conventional treatments are prescribed. Low thyroid function reduces blood flow to your skin. At the clinic acupuncture, homeopathy and herbal medicine reside under one roof and you dont need to look for different providers in different places. hyperparathyroidism and eczema. Anderson CK, Miller OF. A third characterization of hyperparathyroidism is known as normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism, which can be primary or secondary. How do doctors diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism? However, skin changes or itching are rare occurrences in hyperparathyroidism. A bone expert or radiologist will read the scan. PMC Soft, velvety or smooth skin. When performed by experienced surgeons, surgery almost always cures primary hyperparathyroidism. If you have bone loss, your doctor may prescribe alendronate or other medications to help increase bone density. Before trying these herbs, always consult a doctor. Sweating less (or more) than before Most people have four pea-sized glands, called parathyroid glands, on the thyroid gland in the neck. They are easily accessible and can offer a solution from various symptoms. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Side Effects of Melatonin. Risks include: Medications to treat hyperparathyroidism include the following: Calcimimetics. Guidelines help doctors to decide whether or not parathyroid surgery should be recommended. The .gov means its official. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. In people without symptoms, doctors follow the above guidelines to identify who might benefit from parathyroid surgery.2 Surgery can lead to improved bone density and can lower the chance of forming kidney stones. Kliegman RM, et al. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted You will need to take a vitamin D supplement if your vitamin D levels are low. [1] Bilezikian JP. During an abdominal x-ray, you lie on a table or stand up. The small intestine may absorb more calcium from food, adding to high levels of calcium in your blood. On rare occasions, not enough parathyroid tissue is left to make PTH, which can result in hypoparathyroidism. 5 Hyperparathyroidism is a disorder caused by oversecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more of the four parathyroid glands. Hyperparathyroidism is excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. Find out why dark spots appear and what can fade them. The disease may also result in chronic candidiasis a yeast infection in the skin, hair, and mucosal linings of body openings such as the nose and mouth. This drug is sold as cinacalcet (Sensipar). Careers. Too much vitamin D (vitamin D toxicity) can cause hypercalcemia, a medical condition that causes calcium in the blood to surpass a normal level. What are the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism? Signs and symptoms are often mild and nonspecific, such as a feeling of weakness and fatigue, depression, or aches and pains. 2016 Jan-Mar;30(1):49-52. doi: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2015.11.006. Clin Dermatol. Hydrogenated vegetable oil. N Engl J Med. Nevertheless, other causes of hyperparathyroidism can exist concurrently with CKD, challenging diagnostic interpretation and therapeutic intervention. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12420. Primary hyperparathyroidism can happen due to: A noncancerous tumor in one of the parathyroid glands. In rare cases, patients may experience darker skin . Patients may be asymptomatic or have symptoms of varying severity, including chronic fatigue, body aches, difficulty sleeping, bone pain, memory loss, poor concentration, depression, and headaches. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Cinacalcet does not improve bone density. Hyperparathyroidism. 2023 Jan;75(1):227-233. doi: 10.1007/s13304-022-01428-w. Epub 2022 Nov 27. Common skin symptoms of hypoparathyroidism include dry, rough, itchy, and scaly patches, and coarse hair growth, or hair loss. A computer converts the echoes into images on a monitor. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020. Symptoms include, View full-sized imageSymptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism. You can search by location, condition, and procedure to find the dermatologist thats right for you. Epub 2008 Aug 5. Are you feeling any unexplained aches and pains? It is best treated by controlling hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, antibiotics, and analgesia. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Usually, the cause is a benign (noncancerous) tumor, or adenoma, in a single parathyroid gland. Are you often forgetful, absent-minded or unable to concentrate? https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Cinacalcet may be an option to treat primary hyperparathyroidism, particularly if surgery hasn't successfully cured the disorder or a person isn't a good surgery candidate. The Fat Acceptance Movement: Why Fat Shaming Has To Stop, Ways to Keep Your Skin Soft and Glowing During the Cold Weather. I have these other health conditions. How common is primary hyperparathyroidism? Dry, itchy scalp and dandruff The following code (s) above E21.3 contain annotation back-references that may be applicable to E21.3 : E00-E89. Clinical definition. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Updated January 15, 2017. Tiring easily or weakness. You can go home the same day. PTH raises blood calcium levels by. In approximately 80% of cases, over-production of PTH is due to a single parathyroid adenoma and, less commonly, multi-gland involvement may occur. Some people with hyperthyroidism develop a rare skin rash called pretibial myxedema (thyroid dermopathy). MD answered this Treatment Of Primary Hyperparathyroidism . Ibuprofen and other widely used medications have been linked to heart failure in diabetics. syndrome. over a year ago. Hormones of the thyroid gland (thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine) control the metabolism of cells and tissue of the body, while parathormone and calcitonine are balancing the intra- and extracellular levels of calcium and phosphorus by governing some metabolic functions of bones, kidney and small intestine. homer6162040 over a year ago. Who is more likely to develop primary hyperparathyroidism? In hypothyroidism, the skin feels chilly and dry, looks pale, and may present follicular keratoses with or without secondary eczema. All rights reserved. Parathyroid hormone plays a critical role in your body's metabolism of calcium. In a sestamibi scan, you will get an injection, or shot, of a small amount of radioactive dye in your vein. Like most alternative treatment for hyperparathyroidism, acupuncture has no known side effects, and in the hands of a trained practitioner, itll not cause any bleeding or bruising. Hydrogenated vegetable oil is used mainly for making commercial food items like crackers, cookies, onion rings, pie crust, and the like. When symptoms appear, theyre often mild and similar to those of many other disorders. Accessibility Homeopathy doesnt offer a single remedy but various natural remedies for hyperparathyroidism, which are often combined depending on your symptoms. There are 4 small glands that make this hormone, which helps your body manage the calcium levels it needs. A radiologist reads the x-ray, which can show the location of kidney stones in the urinary tract. Lumps on discolored skin that feel hard and waxy can be a sign of thyroid disease. HPT patients can experience skin problems, too. 1984 Aug;132(8):581-6. You, too, may also be able to spot thyroid disease, and thats important. Two or more of the glands being too active and . Caught early, treatment can prevent complications. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of your parathyroid glands and surrounding tissue. Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism is an inherited condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism). Moist, velvety, and warm skin like a baby's. Dry skin with deep cracks and scale. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (nPHPT) is a new classification of primary hyperparathyroidism. Ferri FF. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of calcium from bone . Trim your . Diseases of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. Materials provided by MedStar Washington Hospital Center. homer6162040 Dermatologic Manifestations of Endocrine Disorders. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161024140516.htm (accessed March 4, 2023). Cinacalcet is a medicine that decreases the amount of PTH the parathyroid glands make and lowers calcium levels in the blood. A fracture resulting from relatively little force, such as a fall from a standing or sitting position (a fragility fracture), have only slightly high blood calcium levels. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. If a very low calcium level is found in the urine, this may mean it's a condition that doesn't need treatment. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. If you want a holistic and natural cure for hyperparathyroidism, homeopathy is an excellent remedy. Other possible tests and scans include: Urine Tests: Analyzing the urine during a 24-hour window can determine how much calcium the body is excreting. Also called focused parathyroidectomy, surgeons use this type of surgery when they think only one of the parathyroid glands is overactive. Its a relatively common condition, and if youre suffering from it, you must seek treatment as soon as possible. Congenital maldevelopment of both thymus and parathyroid gland leads to cellular immune deficiency with secondary chronic muco-cutaneous candidosis. Doctors diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism when a blood test shows high blood calcium and PTH levels. Nervous and mental manifestations of parathyroid and thyroid disorders: hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. What tests do doctors use to look for complications of primary hyperparathyroidism? 1. Atopic dermatitis - the most common type of eczema that's chronic and caused by an overactive immune system that damages the skin barrier to cause dryness, itching, rashes and increased susceptibility to skin infections. To help you find early (and some not-so-early) signs of thyroid disease on your skin, hair, and nails, heres a checklist. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! These medications help keep the balance of calcium and phosphorus minerals so that the parathyroid glands don't have to work hard. Several studies have linked vitamin D supplementation . Two or more of your parathyroid glands become enlarged, a condition called hyperplasia, and produce too much hormone. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18327. Dermatologic manifestations of parathyroid-related disorders, although rare in sporadic cases, are not uncommon in familial syndromes. Bookshelf Symptoms may be so mild and nonspecific that they don't seem related to parathyroid function, or they may be severe. PHPT is one of the most common hormonal disorders. With effective treatment, you can lead a normal life. There are several reasons why this happens in patients with kidney disease: Higher blood phosphorus levels. What Does Holistic Mean in Skincare and Why Is It Important? Too much PTH causes calcium levels in your blood to rise too high, which can lead to health problems such as bone thinning and kidney stones. With homeopathy, it is possible to find long-term remedies. Cancer. This oil is the source of trans fat, which decreases the good cholesterol in the body and increases hyperparathyroidism symptoms. Primary hyperparathyroidism: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and evaluation. Dry, pale, and cool skin. Surgery may be done as an outpatient procedure, allowing you to go home the same day. If you have bilateral neck exploration, you will probably have general anesthesia and may need to stay in the hospital overnight. Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the parathyroid glands makes too much hormone. Management of hyperparathyroidism in the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes and other familial endocrinopathies. Not enough calcium in the diet. Accessed Jan. 16, 2020. Learn more about it here. I need some information about eczema. . Homeopathy doesnt just concentrate on the symptoms but the whole self. This content does not have an Arabic version. Pretibial (usually symmetrical) myxedema may be associated with conditions of either hyper- or hypothyroidism (e.g . Nummular eczema. Once doctors diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism, they may use other tests to look for bone weakness, kidney problems, and low levels of vitamin D. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, also called a DXA or DEXA scan, uses low-dose x-rays to measure bone density. Although these two techniques together are relatively accurate for some, others still fail to see a productive result from either of these two techniques. A radiologist reads the images, which can show kidney stones. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Before trying these herbs, always consult a doctor. The NIDDK would like to thank: Deep, noticeable lines on your palms and soles. The study analyzes which people have Swelling with Hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism most often affects people between age 50 and 60. Sestamibi is a radioactive compound that is absorbed by overactive parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands make parathyroid hormone (PTH . Hyperparathyroidism is a condition wherein the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone. Clinical conditions of hyperthyroidism induce 1. increased metabolic turnover of the body with transcutaneous heat loss, 2. disordered growth of hairs and nails, 3. hyperpigmentation of skin, 4. pruritus with or without urticaria. Although complications can happen even in the best of hands, they are very rare for this kind of study, and patients go home while a radiologist examines the results. Symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism. Widening nose Those who experience itching or other symptoms of HPT can meet with Dr. Larian. Excessive urination. Moist, velvety, and warm skin like a babys Raj R, Elshimy G, Mishra R, Jha N, Joseph V, Bratman R, Tella SH, Correa R. Cureus. High PTH levels trigger the bones to release more calcium than normal into the blood. Extra calcium that isnt used by your bones and muscles goes to your kidneys and is flushed out in urine. Parathyroid Adenoma or Parathyroid Hyperplasia, please contact the CENTER for Advanced Parathyroid Surgery online. Interactions between thyroid and kidney function in pathological conditions of these organ systems: a review. Abdominal x-ray. Nasiri S, Meshkati Yazd SM, Mokhtari Ardekani A, Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Shahintaj M, Shahriarirad R. Updates Surg. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. These lesions are often associated with severe itching. This repeated test can confirm the results after you haven't eaten for a period of time. . Kidney stones - the kidneys filter the . Long-term monitoring should include regular doctor visits, a yearly blood test to measure calcium levels and check your kidney function, and a bone density test every 1 to 2 years. Disorders of the parathyroid glands most commonly present with abnormalities of serum calcium. Body pains. Make a donation. Routine blood tests can detect high blood calcium levels. Epub 2008 Dec 24. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Hyperparathyroidism causes the loss of calcium from your bones and elevated calcium levels in your blood. It is also not inappropriate to recommend surgery in those who do not meet guidelines as long as there are no medical contraindications to surgery. Growing more slowly (or quickly) Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands, four pea-sized glands located on or near the thyroid gland in the neck.