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Citric acid is a covalent, or molecular, compound because it contains single and double covalent bonds formed by the sharing of pairs of electrons between different atoms. Citric acid is a covalent, or molecular, compound because it contains single and double covalent bonds formed by the sharing of pairs of electrons between different atoms. BE AWARE: This is not the the nitrate ion. PubChem . Alkaline earths lose two electrons (becoming isoelectronic to a noble gas) and many of the group IIIA only form cations [+3] charge. Acids generally contain polar covalent bonds. It is a triprotic acid (it has three -COOH groups) and it is the H attached to the -COOH group that is acidic. This bonding occurs primarily between nonmetals; however, it can also be observed between nonmetals and metals. The bonds holding the molecule together are caused by the sharing of electrons. Log in Join. [CDATA[*/{"annotations":null,"assetRoot":null,"branding":null,"clientUrl":"https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis/1.38.0/build/boot.js","oauthEnabled":null,"onLayoutChange":null,"openLoginForm":null,"openSidebar":null,"query":null,"services":null,"showHighlights":"always","sidebarAppUrl":"https://hypothes.is/app.html","subFrameIdentifier":"06269004526608066","pluginClasses":{}}/*]]>*/, /**/. Figure 2.7.4 Shows several types of polyatomic anions, name, This video can help you understand oxyanions, Video\(\PageIndex{3}\): 2:20 minute Youtube to help you remember names of oxyanions, Polyatomic Ions based on carboxylate functional group. Finally, polyatomic ions often form which are covalently bonded atoms where the total number of protons is not equal to the total number of electrons. The molar mass of citric acid is 192.12 grams per mole. All the anions are of this type, gaining the number of electrons required to fill the valence shell and become isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas (have the same electron configuration). [CDATA[*/{"annotations":null,"assetRoot":null,"branding":null,"clientUrl":"https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis/1.38.0/build/boot.js","oauthEnabled":null,"onLayoutChange":null,"openLoginForm":null,"openSidebar":null,"query":null,"services":null,"showHighlights":"always","sidebarAppUrl":"https://hypothes.is/app.html","subFrameIdentifier":"07658420210728216","pluginClasses":{}}/*]]>*/, /**/. Citric acid is covalent because the formula is C6H8O7 and there are no metals involved. Ionic and covalent bonds are strong interactions that require a larger energy input to break apart. In Chapter 12 "Acids and Bases", we will explore the chemical behaviour of acids. Images of the chemical structure of citric acid are given below: Colorless crystal or powder the melting point is. [CDATA[*/{"annotations":null,"assetRoot":null,"branding":null,"clientUrl":"https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis/1.38.0/build/boot.js","oauthEnabled":null,"onLayoutChange":null,"openLoginForm":null,"openSidebar":null,"query":null,"services":null,"showHighlights":"always","sidebarAppUrl":"https://hypothes.is/app.html","subFrameIdentifier":"08377344125202544","pluginClasses":{}}/*]]>*/, /*